The needed identification of cash flows not related to services introduces new considerations in the accounting process. Those will be discussed and approaches to achieve an adequate reflection in presentation. That does not only apply to contracts with savings elements, as in life insurance. As well non-life insurance contracts and reinsurance contracts often contain investment […]

Price walking, demand modeling and price elasticity between theory, regulation and practice In recent years, a lot of progress has been made in predictive modeling in theory and practice. This leads in particular to stronger technical models in pricing, but related issues such as demand modeling are also receiving more and more attention. First and […]

Price walking, demand modeling and price elasticity between theory, regulation and practice   In recent years, a lot of progress has been made in predictive modeling in theory and practice. This leads in particular to stronger technical models in pricing, but related issues such as demand modeling are also receiving more and more attention.   […]

For an insurance company, ensuring the proper coordination between assets and liabilities in order to achieve targeted financial objectives is of paramount interest. A strategy used to reach such objectives is "asset and liability management" (ALM in short). ALM can therefore be viewed as any ongoing process that defines, implements, and monitors financial strategies to […]

Natural Catastrophe Models are a key ingredient for the assessment of Nat Cat risk. Questions like “What losses do we expect from catastrophic events on average?” and “What losses do we need to expect in the worst case?” are becoming more and more relevant, in particular considering climate change. Natural Catastrophe Models try to answer […]

Inflation does not come and does not go on its own. Although many actors on financial markets hoped for a temporary inflation caused by supply chain disruptors, things have changed due to uncertainty from a geopolitical and financial markets perspective. Interest rate curves are now starting to be inverse and recessions are potentially only off […]

In recent years, insurance companies have been exposed to a lot of challenges. These make them reflect on serving their customers that have been a client for many years and years to come. Life insurance contracts are typically underwritten for a very long duration and in times that technology and legal requirements were very different […]

The supreme body of the pension fund (board of trustees) is responsible for the overall management of the pension fund. The non-transferable and inalienable duties of the supreme body include the following tasks among others: the setting of the financing system and comprehensibly designing, monitoring, and controlling the asset management to improve the returns and […]

The aging population presents serious challenges for traditional pay-as-you-go pension systems. Longer life expectancies increase pension expenses while low birth rates weaken the future contribution base.   A buffer fund can help alleviate these problems. However, this raises questions about how much insured should contribute and how big the fund should be. Ideally, the contribution […]